Glivec® (imatinib)* received approval from the European Commission (EC) to become the first and only treatment available in Europe to reduce the risk of recurrence in adult patients who are at significant risk of relapse following surgery to remove gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
A rare, life-threatening cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, GIST are known to be aggressive[2],[3], returning in as many as half of all patients[4] within a median of two years after initial surgery[2]. However, data from a pivotal Phase III study recently found that when patients with GIST were treated with post-surgery, or adjuvant, Glivec, the risk of recurrence was reduced by 89%[1].
The EC decision applies in all 27 European Union (EU) member states, plus Norway and Iceland. The approval represents the tenth indication for Glivec in the EU and follows recent approvals for similar indications in the US, Switzerland and several other countries[5].
"The approval of Glivec for post-surgery GIST means that for the first time, patients in Europe with this life-threatening disease will have a treatment option that can significantly reduce their risk of GIST coming back after surgery," said Alessandro Riva, MD, Executive Vice President, Global Head, Novartis Oncology Development.
Study detailsThe EU approval is based on Phase III data from a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study of 713 GIST patients throughout the US and Canada whose tumors had been surgically removed. The study, conducted by the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG), compared the recurrence-free survival of patients taking either Glivec 400 mg daily or placebo for one year immediately following surgery. The results showed that 98% of the patients receiving Glivec remained recurrence-free after one year compared with approximately 82% of those receiving placebo (P<0.0001). Therefore, the risk of recurrence was reduced by approximately 89% with Glivec as compared to placebo[1]. The investigators reported that Glivec therapy was well tolerated by most patients, with side effects similar to those observed in previous clinical trials. These side effects include nausea, diarrhea and swelling (edema)[1]. About gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)
GIST belong to a group of cancers known as soft tissue sarcomas[2]. The most common sarcomas, they can be found most often in the stomach and small bowel[2]. In the EU, the incidence of GIST is estimated to be more than 5,000 cases per year[6],[7], of which approximately 95% are Kit-positive[2]. Kit is the protein that, when mutated, has been identified as one of the major causes of GIST. Glivec inhibits the activity of Kit, as well as several other proteins[2]. About Glivec
Glivec is approved in more than 90 countries including the US, EU and Japan, for the treatment of all phases of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Glivec is also approved in the US, EU and other countries for the treatment of patients with Kit (CD117)-positive gastrointestinal tumors (GIST), which cannot be surgically removed and/or have already spread to other parts of the body (metastasized). In the US and EU, Glivec is now approved for the post-surgery treatment of adult patients following complete surgical removal of Kit (CD117)-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In the EU, Glivec is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in combination with chemotherapy and as a single agent for patients with relapsed or refractory Ph+ ALL. Glivec is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable, recurrent and/or metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) who are not eligible for surgery and for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases (MDS/MPD). In addition, Glivec is approved for hypereosinophilic syndrome and/or chronic eosinophilic leukemia (HES/CEL). The effectiveness of Glivec is based on overall hematological and cytogenetic response rates and progression-free survival in CML; on hematological and cytogenetic response rates in Ph+ ALL and MDS/MPD; on hematological response rates in systemic mastocytosis (SM) and HES/CEL; on objective response rates and progression-free survival in unresectable and/or metastatic GIST; on recurrence-free survival in adjuvant GIST and on objective response rates in DFSP. Increased survival in controlled trials has been demonstrated only in newly diagnosed chronic phase CML and GIST. Not all indications are available in every country. About Novartis
Novartis AG provides healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Focused solely on healthcare, Novartis offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, cost-saving generic pharmaceuticals, preventive vaccines, diagnostic tools and consumer health products. Novartis is the only company with leading positions in these areas. In 2008, the Group's continuing operations achieved net sales of USD 41.5 billion and net income of USD 8.2 billion. Approximately USD 7.2 billion was invested in R&D activities throughout the Group. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis Group companies employ approximately 98,000 full-time-equivalent associates and operate in more than 140 countries around the world. For more information, please visit http://www.novartis.com. References
[1.] DeMatteo, R., et al. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Published online March 19, 2009. Accessed March 2009. http://www.thelancet.com
[2.] Demetri GD, Benjamin RS, Blanke CD, et al. NCCN task force report: management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) - update of NCCN clinical practice guidelines. J Natl Compr Cancer Network, 2007; 2 (suppl 1):S1-S26.
[3.] Artinyan, A., et al. Survival from Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the era of Imatinib. ASCO 2008 Abstract 50. Accessed March 2009. http://www.asco.org
/ASCO/Abstracts+&+Virtual+Meeting/Abstracts?&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=53&abstractID=10708. [4.] Van den Abbeele A., Benjamin R., Blanke C, et al. Clinical Management of GIST. Recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival. 2003;1-24.
[5.] Glivec® (imatinib) prescribing information. Basel, Switzerland: Novartis International AG; March 2009.
[6.] Joensuu H. Current perspectives on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. European Journal of Cancer Supplements. March 2006; Volume 4, Issue 3: 4-9.
[7.] The World Factbook. European Union Population. CIA.gov; June 2005. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/ee.html. Accessed March 2009. * Known as Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) tablets in the US, Canada and Israel.